LEARNING OUTCOME 2

FLOWCHART SYMBOLS

Here's the matching of flowchart symbols with their functions:

Here's how relevant flowchart symbols are applied for the three programming constructs:

1. Sequence:
   • Symbols: Rectangles (rounded) connected by arrows.
   • Example:

1. Selection:
   • Symbols: Diamond (decision), rectangle (processing), arrows.
   • Example:

1. Iteration:
   • Symbols: Diamond (decision), rectangle (processing), arrows. However, the loop creates a cycle.
   • Example:

Converting Flowchart Logic to C++ Code

Here's how you can convert flowchart logic into C++ code:

1. Analyze the Flowchart:
   • Start by understanding the overall purpose of the flowchart.
   • Identify the different symbols and their meanings (input, processing, decision, output, etc.).
   • Trace the flow of execution through the flowchart, following the arrows.
   • Break down the logic into smaller, manageable steps.
2. Translate Steps into Code:
   • For each step in the flowchart:
     • Input: Use cin to read data from the user.
     • Processing: Use mathematical operators, loops, or conditional statements to perform calculations or manipulations.
     • Decision: Use if statements to check conditions and execute different code blocks based on the outcome.
     • Output: Use cout to display results or messages to the user.
3. Example: Even or Odd Flowchart to C++ Code

   Consider the flowchart from the previous example that checks if a number is even or odd.

1. Here's the equivalent C++ code:

				
					#include 
						using namespace std;
						int main() {
						 int number;
						 cout << "Enter a number: ";
						 cin >> number;
						 // Check if even or odd
						 if (number % 2 == 0) {
						 cout << number << " is even." << endl;
						 } else {
						 cout << number << " is odd." << endl;
						 }
						 return 0;
						}
				
			  

Explanation:

• We include the iostream header for input/output operations.
• We declare an integer variable number to store the user input.
• We prompt the user to enter a number and read it using cin.
• The if statement checks if the remainder of dividing number by 2 is 0 (even) or not (odd).
• Based on the condition, appropriate messages are displayed using cout.

Tips for More Complex Flowcharts:

• Break down complex flowcharts into smaller sub-functions for better organization.
• Use comments in your code to explain what each section does, improving readability.
• Test your code thoroughly with different input values to ensure it works correctly.

HOW TO INSTALL A RELEVANT COMPILER

Here's a breakdown on how to install Dev-C++ compiler on Windows:

1. Download Dev-C++ Installer:
   • Visit the official Dev-C++ website (a search for "Dev-C++ download" should lead you there).
   • Locate the download section and download the latest stable version of the installer for your operating system (typically a Windows executable file).
2. Run the Installer:
   • Double-click on the downloaded executable file to launch the Dev-C++ installer.
   • Follow the on-screen instructions during the installation process. You may encounter options like:
     • Choosing the installation language.
     • Accepting the license agreement.
     • Selecting the destination folder where you want to install Dev-C++.
     • Selecting additional components to install (e.g., documentation).
3. Complete the Installation:
   • Once the installation progress bar reaches 100%, the installer may prompt you to create a desktop shortcut or launch Dev-C++ immediately.
   • You can choose the options that suit your preference.
4. Verification:
   • Launch Dev-C++ from your desktop shortcut or Start menu.
   • You should see the Dev-C++ IDE window with its menus and workspace.
   • Try creating a simple C++ program (e.g., "Hello, World!") to verify that the compiler is working correctly.
   • Consider exploring online tutorials or the Dev-C++ documentation to get familiar with the IDE's features and start writing C++ programs.

PSEUDOCODE

Pseudocode Definition:

Pseudocode is a way of representing the logic of an algorithm in a format that resembles a programming language, but without the strict syntax rules of a specific language. It uses keywords and phrases that are common across many programming languages, making it easier to understand the overall flow of the algorithm even if you're not familiar with a particular programming language.

Key Characteristics of Pseudocode:

• Readability: The primary goal of pseudocode is to be clear and understandable, focusing on the core logic of the algorithm.
• Informality: Unlike actual code, pseudocode doesn't adhere to the strict syntax rules of a programming language. It allows for more natural language elements to improve readability.
• Flexibility: Pseudocode can be adapted to resemble the syntax of the programming language you plan to use, making the transition to actual coding smoother.

Differentiating Pseudocode from Algorithms:

Here's a breakdown of the key differences between pseudocode and algorithms:

1. Example: Algorithm (Find the maximum of two numbers):

1. Example: Pseudocode(Find the maximum of two numbers):